The following are links to full-text articles related to language policy which are freely available on the internet. These articles appear in on-line journals, on agency and organization websites, and on the personal websites of individual researchers and scholars. These links will take you directly to the original sources. To return to this page, use the back button on your web browser. Articles are organized in themes, and then by last name of the (first) author.

As these articles are not archived directly on our LPRU website, links may become broken. To report a broken link, or to recommend additional links, please contact us at LPRUlist@asu.edu.

Anti-Bilingual Education Initiatives – Proposition 227 (California), Proposition 203 (Arizona), Question 31 (Colorado), Question 2 (Massachusetts)

Reflections from the Classroom: Teacher Perspectives on the Implementation of Proposition 227

Laura Alamillo and Celia Viramontes (2000)
Bilingual Research Journal, 24(1/2)

Inadequate Conclusions from an Inadequate Assessment: What Can SAT-9 Scores Tell Us about the Impact of Proposition 227 in California?

Yuko Goto Butler, Jennifer Evelyn Orr, Michele Bousquet Gutiérrez, and Kenji Hakuta (2000)
Bilingual Research Journal, 24(1/2)

The Campaign Against Proposition 227: A Post Mortem

James Crawford (1997)
Bilingual Research Journal, 21(1)

Numbers Game: Challenging the Fallacies about Proposition 227

James Crawford (2003)
Bilingual Family Newsletter

“I Used To Know That”: What Happens When Reform Gets Through The Classroom Door

Carol Dixon, Judith Green, Beth Yeager, Doug Baker, and María Fránquiz (2000)
Bilingual Research Journal, 24(1/2)

Breaking the Code: Colorados Defeat of the Anti-Bilingual Education Initiative (Amendment 31)

Kathy Escamilla, Sheila Shannon, Silvana Carlos, and Jorge Garcia (2003)
Bilingual Research Journal, 27(3)

In the Aftermath of the Storm: English Learners in the Post-227 Era

Patricia Gándara (2000)
Bilingual Research Journal, 24(1/2)

The Initial Impact of Proposition 227 on the Instruction of English Learners

Patricia Gándara, Julie Maxwell-Jolly, Eugene García, Jolynn Asato, Kris Gutiérrez, Tom Stritikus and Julia Curry (2000)
UC Linguistic Minority Research Institute

Informed Parent Consent and Proposition 227

Augustine García (2000)
Bilingual Research Journal, 24(1/2)

Implementation of California’s Proposition 227: 1998-2000

Eugene E. García (2000)
Bilingual Research Journal, 24(1/2)

The Education of Limited English Proficient Students in California Schools: An Assessment of the Influence of Proposition 227 in Selected Districts and Schools

Eugene E. García and Julia E. Curry-Rodríguez (2000)
Bilingual Research Journal, 24(1/2)

“English for the Children”: The New Literacy of the Old World Order, Language Policy and Educational Reform

Kris D. Gutiérrez, Patricia Baquedano-López, and Jolynn Asato (2000)
Bilingual Research Journal, 24(1/2)

In the Aftermath of Unz

Socorro Herrera and Kevin G. Murry (1999)
Bilingual Research Journal, 23(2/3)

Factors Influencing Implementation of Mandated Policy Change: Proposition 227 in Seven Northern California School Districts

Julie Maxwell-Jolly (2000)
Bilingual Research Journal, 24(1/2)

Voices from the Field: Bilingual Educators Speak Candidly About Proposition 227

Deborah K. Palmer and Eugene E. García (2000)
Bilingual Research Journal, 24(1/2)

How Proposition 227 Influences the Language Dynamics of a First- and Second-Grade Mathematics Lesson

Sara Micaela Paredes (2000)
Bilingual Research Journal, 24(1/2)

Proposition 227: Tales from the Schoolhouse

Elsa Schirling, Frances Contreras, and Carlos Ayala (2000)
Bilingual Research Journal, 24(1/2)

Education of Limited English Proficient Students in California Schools: An Assessment of the Influence of Proposition 227 on Selected Teachers and Classrooms

Tom Stritikus and Eugene E. García (2000)
Bilingual Research Journal, 24(1/2)

Assessment/Testing of Language Minority Students

The Use of High School Exit Examinations in Four Southwestern States

Paula Garcia (2003)
Bilingual Research Journal, 27(3)

¿Exito en California? A Validity Critique of Language Program Evaluations and Analysis of English Learner Test Scores

Marilyn S. Thompson, Kristen E. DiCerbo, Kate Mahoney, & Jeff MacSwan (2002)
Education Policy Analysis Archives, 10(7)

The Effects of High Stakes Testing in an Inner-City Elementary School: The Curriculum, the Teachers, and the English Language Learners

Wayne E. Wright (2002)
Current Issues in Education, 5(5)

Bilingual Education (United States)

Parents’ Decisions About Bilingual Program Models

Olga Maia Amaral (2001)
Bilingual Research Journal, 25(1/2)

Over Thirty Years of Language-in-Education Policy and Planning: Potter Thomas Bilingual School in Philadelphia

Melisa Cahnmann (1998)
Bilingual Research Journal, 22(1)

Language Politics in the U.S.A.: The Paradox of Bilingual Education

James Crawford (1998)
Social Justice, 25(3)

Moral Dimensions of Bilingual Education

Ramona Maile Cutri and Scott Ferrin (1998)
Bilingual Research Journal, 22(1)

Language Wars: The Ideological Dimensions of the Debates on Bilingual Education

René Galindo (1997)
Bilingual Research Journal, 21(2/3)

Scapegoating Bilingual Education: Getting the Whole Story from the Trenches

Pepi Leistyna (2002)
Bilingual Research Journal, 26(2)

From LEP to Academic: Reflections on My Twenty Years in Title VII

Eva Midobuche (1998)
Bilingual Research Journal, 22(1)

Successful Bilingual Education Programs: Development and the Dissemination of Criteria to Identify Promising and Exemplary Practices in Bilingual Education at the National Level

María Robledo Montecel and Josie Danini Cortez (2002)
Bilingual Research Journal, 26(1)

Why Bilingual Education Policy Is Needed: A Philosophical Response to the Critics

Michele S. Moses (2000)
Bilingual Research Journal, 24(4)

Bilingual Education in the United States: Historical Development and Current Issues

Carlos J. Ovando (2003)
Bilingual Research Journal, 27(1)

Rethinking the Education of English Language Learners: Transitional Bilingual Education Programs

Abelardo Villarreal (1999)
Bilingual Research Journal, 23(1)

The Bilingual Education Act: Language Minority Students and Equal Educational Opportunity

Ann-Marie Wiese and Eugene E. García (1998)
Bilingual Research Journal, 22(1)

Bilingual/EFL Education and Bilingualism (International)

A Paradigm for Bilingual Special Education in the USA: Lessons From Kenya

Jamie Candelaria-Greene (1996)
Bilingual Research Journal, 20(3/4)

Attitudes Toward Bilingualism in Ireland

Maria R. Coady (2001)
Bilingual Research Journal, 25(1/2)

Japanese EFL Teachers' Perceptions of Communicative, Audiolingual and Yakudoku Activities: The Plan Versus the Reality

Greta Gorsuch (2001)
Education Policy Analysis Archives, 9(10)

Balkanization, Bilingualism, and Comparisons of Language Situations at Home and Abroad

John E. Petrovic (1997)
Bilingual Research Journal, 21(2/3)

Language Choice and Global Learning Networks: The Pitfall of Lingua Franca Approaches to Classroom Telecomputing

Dennis Sayers (1995)
Education Policy Analysis Archives, 3(10)

Evaluation of the Effects of Medium of Instruction on the Science Learning of Hong Kong Secondary Students: Performance on the Science Achievement Test

Din Yan Yip, Wing Kwong Tsang, and Sin Pui Cheung (2003)
Bilingual Research Journal, 27(2)

The Politics of Bilingual Education in the People’s Republic of China Since 1949

Minglang Zhou (2001)
Bilingual Research Journal, 25(1/2)

Education of Language Minority Students

State School Funding Policies and Limited English Proficient Students

Bruce D. Baker and Paul L. Markham (2002)
Bilingual Research Journal, 26(3)

The Absence of Language Policy and its Effects on the Education of Mexican Migrant Children

Michael Brunn (1999)
Bilingual Research Journal, 23(4)

The Linguistic Inaccessibility of U.S. Higher Education and the Inherent Inequity of U.S. IEPs: An Argument for Multilingual Higher Education

Joan E. Friedenberg (2002)
Bilingual Research Journal, 26(2)

English Learners in California Schools: Unequal resources, unequal outcomes

Patricia Gandara, Russell Rumberger, Julie Maxwell-Jolly, & Rebecca Callahan (2003)
Education Policy Analysis Archives, 11(36)

School Segregation of Children Who Migrate to the United States From Puerto Rico

Luis M. Laosa (2001)
Education Policy Analysis Archives, 9(1)

Aquí No Se Habla Español: Stories of Linguistic Repression in Southwest Schools

Patricia MacGregor-Mendoza (2000)
Bilingual Research Journal, 24(4)

The Schooling of English Learners

Russell W. Rumberger and Patricia Gándara (2000)
UC Linguistic Minority Research Institute

The Inequitable Treatment of English Learners in California’s Public Schools

Russell W. Rumberger and Patricia Gándara (2003)
UC Linguistic Minority Research Institute

The Role of Theory and Policy in the Educational Treatment of Language Minority Students: Competitive Structures in California

Tom Stritikus & Eugene Garcia (2003)
Education Policy Analysis Archives, 11(26)

The Education of Cambodian American Students in the Long Beach Unified School District: A Language and Educational Policy Analysis

Wayne E. Wright (1998)
MA Thesis, California State University, Long Beach

Dual Immersion (Two-Way Immersion, Dual Language Programs)

Asymmetry in Dual Language Practice: Assessing Imbalance in a Program Promoting Equality

Audrey Amrein & Robert A. Pena (2000)
Education Policy Analysis Archives (2000)

Dueling Models of Dual Language Instruction: A Critical Review of the Literature and Program Implementation Guide

Jill Kerper Mora (2001)
Bilingual Research Journal, 25(4)

A Case Study of Parental Involvement in a Conversion From Transitional to Dual Language Instruction

Robert A, Peña (1998)
Bilingual Research Journal, 22(2/3/4)

Parents Choose Dual Language Programs in Colorado: A Survey

Sheila M. Shannon (2002)
Bilingual Research Journal, 26(3)

English-only Movement and Legislation

Anatomy of the English-Only Movement

James Crawford (1996)
Paper presented at a Conference on Language Legislation and Linguistic Rights, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Alexander v. Sandoval: A Setback for Civil Rights

Kevin G. Welner (2001)
Education Policy Analysis Archives, 9(24)

Heritage/Community Languages

Directions in Research: Intergenerational Transmission of Heritage Languages

Russell N. Campbell & Donna Christian (2003)
Heritage Language Journal, 1(1)

A New Perspective on Teaching Russian: Focus on the Heritage Learner

Olga Kagan (2003)
Heritage Language Journal, 1(1)

Heritage Language Instruction for Post-secondary Students from Immigrant Backgrounds

Kimi Kondo-Brown (2003)
Heritage Language Journal, 1(1)

The Significance of Language and Cultural Education on Secondary Achievement: A Survey of Chinese-American and Korean-American Students

Steven K. Lee (2002)
Bilingual Research Journal, 26(2)

The Relationship between Second and Heritage Language Acquisition: Notes on Research and Theory Building

Andrew Lynch (2003)
Heritage Language Journal, 1(1)

Classroom Based Dialect Awareness in Heritage Language Instruction: A Critical Applied Linguistic Approach

Glen A. Martinez (2003)
Heritage Language Journal, 1(1)

Instructional Needs of College-Level Learners of Japanese as a Heritage Language: Performance-Based Analyses

Sachiko Matsunaga (2003)
Heritage Language Journal, 1(1)

Heritage Language Research Priorities Conference Report, University of California, Los Angeles September 21-23, 2000

The UCLA Steering Committee (2000)
Bilingual Research Journal, 24(4)

Heritage Language Instruction in the United States: A Time for Renewal

Terrence G. Wiley and Guadalupe Valdés (2000)
Bilingual Research Journal, 24(4)

Indigenous and Native American Languages

National Indian Bilingual Center

Arizona State University (1984)
Journal of American Indian Education, 23(3)

Discussion: Native Language Renewal: Dispelling the Myths, Planning for the Future

Vivian Ayoungman (1995)
Bilingual Research Journal, 19(1)

Bilingual Special Education Teacher Training for American Indians

Leonard Baca & Ofelia Miramontes (1985)
Journal of American Indian Education, 24(2)

The Effectiveness of Bilingual Instruction with Cherokee Indian Students

Herbert L. Bacon, Gerald D. Kidd and John J. Seaberg (1982)
Journal of American Indian Education, 21(1)

Creative ESL Composition for the Bilingual Indian Student

H. Guillermo Bartelt (1980)
Journal of American Indian Education, 19(3)

Two Approaches to Acculturation: Bilingual Education and ESL

Guillermo Bartelt (1979)
Journal of American Indian Education, 18(3)

Administration of a TOEFL Test to Sioux Indian High School Students

Donald E. Bebeau (1969)
Journal of American Indian Education, 9(1)

Endangered Native American Languages: What is to be Done, and Why?

James Crawford (1995)
Bilingual Research Journal, 19(1)

Establishing Bilingual Education: Project Paiute

Evalyn Titus Dearmin (1977)
Journal of American Indian Education, 17(1)

Is Immersion the Key to Language Renewal?

David H. DeJong (1998)
Journal of American Indian Education, 37(3)

Restructuring the Teaching of Language and Literacy in a Navajo Community School

Galena Sells Dick, Dan W. Estell, and Teresa L. McCarty (1994)
Journal of American Indian Education, 33(3)

Further Notes on Bilingual Education Projects

G. Edward Evans, Karin Abbey, and Jeff Clark (1981)
Journal of American Indian Education, 20(1)

What Problems Do American Indians Have With English

J.D. Fletcher (1983)
Journal of American Indian Education, 23(1)

Survey - Opinions of Indian Upward Bound Students On: Reservations and Tribal Customs, History and Language

Patrick E. Graham and Judson H. Taylor (1969)
Journal of American Indian Education, 8(3)

Synthesis And Discussion–Vitality, Versatility, Stability: Conditions For Collaborative Change

Nancy H. Hornberger (1994)
Journal of American Indian Education, 33(3)

Materials Preparation for Use in Bilingual Programs

Marie-Louise Liebe-Harkort (1980)
Journal of American Indian Education, 20(1)

The Effects of Language Preference and Multitrial Presentation Upon the Free Recall of Navajo Children

Jim MacAvoy & Craig Sidles (1991)
Journal of American Indian Education, 30(3)

Language Use by Yavapai-Apache Students with Recommendations for Curriculum Design

Teresa L. McCarty (1980)
Journal of American Indian Education, 20(1)

Graduate Theses Concerning the Speech and Spoken Language of the North American Indian: An Index

Lynn R. Osborne (1966)
Journal of American Indian Education, 6(1)

A Demonstration In Navaho Education

Thomas R. Reno (1967)
Journal of American Indian Education, 6(3)

An Overview of the Rough Rock Demonstration School

Robert A. Roessel, Jr. (1968)
Journal of American Indian Education, 7(3)

Language Planning Considerations in Indigenous Communities

Richard Ruiz (1995)
Bilingual Research Journal, 19(1)

Language, Culture, and the Mathematics Concepts of American Indian Learners

Duane E. Schindler and David M. Davison (1985)
Journal of American Indian Education, 24(3)

Discussion: Revaluing Indigenous Language Resources Through Language Planning

Irene Silentman (1995)
Bilingual Research Journal, 19(1)

Bilingual Education and the Pueblo Indians

Carletta Suina-Lowery (1979)
Journal of American Indian Education, 18(2)

A Closer Look at TESL on the Reservation

Yvonne J. Weaver (1967)
Journal of American Indian Education, 6(2)

Navaho Curriculum Center

Gary Witherspoon (1968)
Journal of American Indian Education, 7(3)